BMUN South Cina Sea Dispute

Pernah mendengar Model United Nation sebelumnya? Yaaa mungkin ada yang sudah mengikutinya berkali-kali di berbagai negara ataupun baru sekarang mendengarnya untuk pertama kali. Ya sah-sah saja, kan dunia tidak selebar daun kelor. hehehe. Tanpa basa basi nii, pada kesempatan ini, saya akan membagikan pengalaman saya ketika mengikuti MUN yang dilaksanakan di Denpasar Bali, Indonesia. 

>>>>>> So the first question, what is model united nation?

lets discuss. . . . .

Model united Nation atau dikenal juga dengan istilah MUN atau Model UN (stay focus, UN isn't Ujian Nasional hehehehe ) merupakan sebuah simulasi terkait proses diplomasi yang ada di PBB. Dalam conference ini kita akan berperan sebagai kepala negara ataupun diplomat yang mewakili setiap negara dalam pembahasan kasus tertentu. Setiap peserta akan berkesempatan untuk melakukan Voice of Argument mengenai permasalahan negara yang di wakilinya. setiap orang boleh mengajukan motion terkait hal yang akan dibahas, kumpulan motion akan di voting untuk menentukan satu motion yang akan di bahas. Dalam pelaksanaannya, kegiatan ini sangat menarik karena setiap orang sangat antusias untuk memperjuangkan kepentingannya untuk mencapai keadilan bersama. Setiap orang akan mempertahankan pendapatnya sehingga perlu public speaking yang sangat baik untuk bisa berdiplomasi dengan baik. Ketika diadakan BMUN di Bali, terdapat banyak negara yang mengikuti, diantaranya Bangladesh, India, dan Singapura.

 >>>>>> is that important to us to joint the MUN?

 hahahaha, of course yaa, jika kalian ingin mengasah kemampuan public speaking dan diplomasi kalian, saya sarankan untuk mengikuti kegiatan ini. Selain itu, dapat berinteraksi dengan orang-orang yang berbeda latar belakang budaya dan bahasa juga akan akan memperkaya pengalaman kita. Sebelum kita memulai kegiatan, kita biasanya akan melakukan research tentan topik yang kita peroleh ataupun tentang seluk beluk negara yang akan kita wakili. semua peran berkaitan dengan kenyataan dilapangan. Contohnya ketika kita mewakili Cina dalam sengketa Laut Cina Selatan, maka kita harus mengerti kemana arah kebijakan Cina terkait sengketa itu. Jangan sampai ketika kita mewakili Cina malah mendukung untuk pembagian wilayah laut cina selatan ataupun tidak tau menau dan menyerahkan semua urusan kepada negara lain.. hehehehe. Untuk hasil research,  kalian harus membuat sebuah esay terkait arah kebijakan negara yang kalian wakili. kalau saya pada waktu itu mewakili Malaysia dalam sengketa laut cina selatan. Ini karya asli saya terkait esay yang saya gunakan untuk menentukan arah kebijakan Malaysia pada saat conference, tidak begitu bagus, namun tiidak terlalu buruk pula hehehe...

 Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) +3 Summit

Malaysia

South China Sea Dispute

I Komang Eka Putra Ariyanta

At first, the South China Sea Dispute arose after World War II with China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam and the Philippines scrambled to occupy the island there¹. Based on “Effective occupation” established by the Permanent Court of Arbitration in the Island of Palmas case in April 1928, Paracel Island (an archipelago contains about 30 island) has occupied by China, but they only occupy 9 islands of Spratly island (other are claimed by ASEAN Country). While, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), has rules in deciding claims to resources has to be based on exclusive economic zones (EEZs) and continental shelves (an EEZ is a maritime zone stretching up to 320 kilometres from the coast that support the coastal state’s claims to the resources there)¹. Both of these principles is in contrast on China’s claims to the entire area of South China Sea. China’s claims are based on history which is not supported by international law. Nowadays, the maritime and territorial disputes in South China Sea involve 6 countries, namely Brunei, China, Malaysia, The Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam².

The claim of island in South China Sea is first caused by the competition of energy. China was the second largest consumer of oil in 2009; therefore this country has been diversifying its energy supplies and willing to increase oil production around South China Sea. Second reason is the fights over fish and other ocean resources. Third, China develops an extended naval strategy and deploys new naval capabilities to show their power, especially to United States. On October 2015, The United Stated has launched three freedoms of navigation operations (FONOPs) so as to challenge the excessive maritime claims in the South China Sea. Moreover, The veto power of China in the Security Council also unsettled conflict in the South China Sea. Therefore, this issue suit better to be discussed in the regional forums between China and United State. The discussion should involve the commitment to decrease military use and to find solution in solving South China Sea conflict.

Malaysia has claimed 11 maritime features in the South China Sea and occupies eight of them. There several reasons² on why they need to safeguarding those claims as well as maintain their relationship with China namely 1) Maintenance of prosperity of Malaysia as the second-largest oil and natural gas producer, 2) Maintenance of bilateral relationship with China (China is Malaysia’s largest trade partner and biggest tourist-generating market and Malaysia’s claim lie in the southernmost part of China’s nine-dashed line leading to less assertiveness by China- Malaysia has delimited much of its maritime boundary with Indonesia’s Tudjuh Archipelago and with The Philippines), 3) The South China Sea is a highway for trade, shipping and telecommunica­tions through which a third of world trade passes that gives benefits to Malaysia, therefore Malaysia prefer peaceful solution without force, 4) preservation of global norms and international law to avoid military force.

            There were several actions and resolutions done to solve the South China Sea dispute, one of them is Permanent Court of Arbitration published on July 2016. It may only be pieces of paper without a strong effort to uphold by related parties. Therefore, ASEAN 3+ needs consistence as well as consequence for those who neglect the rules to reduce the increasing of the tension between state-actors in the South China Sea. The consistence should be applied to the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea by the ASEAN plus China and also the PCA between China and the Philippines. Moreover, it needs further discussion on the ambiguity over the claims and the definitions of several terms in the declaration, such as the term “island”. The island should be land that always in the top of sea surface and has habitation on it.

References

1)      Buszynski, L. (2012). The South China Sea: Oil, Maritime Claims, and U.S. -China Strategic Rivalry. The Washington Ouarterly , 139-156.

2)      Poling, G. B. (2013). The South China Sea in Focus: Clarifying the Limits of Maritime Dispute. Center for Strategic and International Studies .

3)      Parameswaran, P. (2015). Playing It Safe: Malaysia's Approach to the South China Sea and Implications for the United States. Center for a New American Security .

Naaa sekian dulu ceritanya untuk di penghujung tahun ini. semoga bisa bermanfaat untuk teman-teman semuanya. Dan tak terasa pula kita sudah di penghujung tahun 2017. Maaf jarang update.. terkadang kelupaan karena harus meriksa ulangan siswa. hehehehe.. see yaaaa..